12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC) § 34.45 — Appraiser independence

Name: 12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC) § 34.45 — Appraiser independence — machine-readable register
Creator: Claude for Compliance
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/

occ-12cfr-34-45

12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC), §34.45 Appraiser independence. Captured section-complete (all subsections verbatim).

This register: .xlsx .csv

source:
  type: regulation
  id: occ-12cfr-34.45
  authority: 12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC) § 34.45 — Appraiser independence
  description: |
    12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC), §34.45 Appraiser independence. Captured section-complete (all subsections verbatim).
obligations:
  - id: occ-12cfr-34.45-a
    canonical_id: occ-12cfr-34.45-a
    section: 12 CFR §34.45(a)
    description: '(a): (a) Staff appraisers. If an appraisal is prepared by a staff appraiser, that appraiser must be independent of the lending, investment, and collection functions and not involved, except as an appraiser, in the federally related transaction, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherw…'
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      authority: 12 CFR §34.45(a)
      source_class: ecfr-xml
      source_url: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/section-34.45
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      fetched_at: '2026-09-26T20:29:52Z'
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      paragraph_quote: (a) Staff appraisers. If an appraisal is prepared by a staff appraiser, that appraiser must be independent of the lending, investment, and collection functions and not involved, except as an appraiser, in the federally related transaction, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property. If the only qualified persons available to perform an appraisal are involved in the lending, investment, or collection functions of the regulated institution, the regulated institution shall take appropriate steps to ensure that the appraisers exercise independent judgment. Such steps include, but are not limited to, prohibiting an individual from performing an appraisal in connection with federally related transactions in which the appraiser is otherwise involved and prohibiting directors and officers from participating in any vote or approval involving assets on which they performed an appraisal.
      drafter_attestation: 'Verbatim 12 CFR §34.45(a) from eCFR snapshot a2593e704209f369 (versioner full-XML API, title 12 as of 2026-09-24); the regulator''s paragraph breaks are joined with single spaces; substring-verified. Re-segmented 2026-09-26 on the eCFR paragraph hierarchy (scripts/resegment-cfr.py): the prior capture (snapshot b9176c4f9bb030c2) held the same words but cut this section at every (i)/(v)/(x) and cited sub-items as top-level paragraphs.'
      publisher: ecfr.gov
      verified_against: ecfr.gov
      verified_on: '2026-09-26'
  - id: occ-12cfr-34.45-b
    canonical_id: occ-12cfr-34.45-b
    section: 12 CFR §34.45(b)
    description: '(b): (b) Fee appraisers. (1) If an appraisal is prepared by a fee appraiser, the appraiser shall be engaged directly by the regulated institution or its agent, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property or the transaction. (2) A regulated institution also may accept…'
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    cadence: ''
    consequence: ''
    tags:
      - regulator-direct
      - gap-fill
      - section-complete
    primary_source:
      tier: 1
      authority: 12 CFR §34.45(b)
      source_class: ecfr-xml
      source_url: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/section-34.45
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      paragraph_quote: '(b) Fee appraisers. (1) If an appraisal is prepared by a fee appraiser, the appraiser shall be engaged directly by the regulated institution or its agent, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property or the transaction. (2) A regulated institution also may accept an appraisal that was prepared by an appraiser engaged directly by another financial services institution, if: (i) The appraiser has no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property or the transaction; and (ii) The regulated institution determines that the appraisal conforms to the requirements of this subpart and is otherwise acceptable.'
      drafter_attestation: 'Verbatim 12 CFR §34.45(b) from eCFR snapshot a2593e704209f369 (versioner full-XML API, title 12 as of 2026-09-24); the regulator''s paragraph breaks are joined with single spaces; substring-verified. Re-segmented 2026-09-26 on the eCFR paragraph hierarchy (scripts/resegment-cfr.py): the prior capture (snapshot b9176c4f9bb030c2) held the same words but cut this section at every (i)/(v)/(x) and cited sub-items as top-level paragraphs.'
      publisher: ecfr.gov
      verified_against: ecfr.gov
      verified_on: '2026-09-26'
    former_ids:
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Verbatim regulatory text (2)

Verbatim provisions from 12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC) § 34.45 — Appraiser independence — each quote is a verified substring of the regulator-published source snapshot, not retyped. Quoted for reference; this is not legal advice. The operational layer (P&P updates, prompts) lives in the regulation update kits.

12 CFR §34.45(a)

(a) Staff appraisers. If an appraisal is prepared by a staff appraiser, that appraiser must be independent of the lending, investment, and collection functions and not involved, except as an appraiser, in the federally related transaction, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property. If the only qualified persons available to perform an appraisal are involved in the lending, investment, or collection functions of the regulated institution, the regulated institution shall take appropriate steps to ensure that the appraisers exercise independent judgment. Such steps include, but are not limited to, prohibiting an individual from performing an appraisal in connection with federally related transactions in which the appraiser is otherwise involved and prohibiting directors and officers from participating in any vote or approval involving assets on which they performed an appraisal.

Source: 12 CFR §34.45(a) · source URL · snapshot a2593e704209f369

12 CFR §34.45(b)

(b) Fee appraisers. (1) If an appraisal is prepared by a fee appraiser, the appraiser shall be engaged directly by the regulated institution or its agent, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property or the transaction. (2) A regulated institution also may accept an appraisal that was prepared by an appraiser engaged directly by another financial services institution, if: (i) The appraiser has no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property or the transaction; and (ii) The regulated institution determines that the appraisal conforms to the requirements of this subpart and is otherwise acceptable.

Source: 12 CFR §34.45(b) · source URL · snapshot a2593e704209f369

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Source of record: https://claudeforcompliance.com/regs/occ-12cfr-34-45/ · register occ-12cfr-34-45 · verbatim, source-snapshotted regulator text from the Claude for Compliance corpus. To work from every register at once, download the corpus and follow the methodology.